So far, we know well of Zamzam from religious books. But there are actually scientific side as well saintifiknya looh. Branch of geology that studies about water is hydrogeologi.
Usefulness of Zam-zam water is certainly not here that should be explained, but if mythical geological Zam-zam well could probably be explained here. A little story of Pre-Islamic, or before the birth of Prophet Muhammad, beginning with the story of Prophet Ibrahim's wife, Siti Hajar, who are looking for water for her story. The well is then not much or no story, so well is reportedly missing.
Well of Zam-zam we currently see is the wells dug by his grandfather Abdul Muttalib, the Prophet Muhammad. So today, the "science persumuran" then the well of Zam-zam, including categories of dug wells (Dug Well Water).
Dimensions and the Well of Zam-zam Profiles
Form of the well of Zam-zam can be seen below.
Zamzam spring
Under Ibrahim Wadi alluvial layers have two feet (0.5 m) layer of a very pass water (permeable). Water layer that is passed is what is the main place of water-water discharge at the well of Zam-zam.
Depth of 17 meters further down, these wells penetrate the hard rock layers that form igneous rock diorite. This type of igneous rock (diorite) is rather rarely found anywhere in the world, but very often found in the Arabian Peninsula. At the top of the rock fracture-fracture was found that also contain water. There used to be a suspect these cracks into the Red sea. But it does not exist (perhaps I just have not found) geological report which shows it.
From this test pumping wells capable of flowing water for 11 - 5.18 liters / sec, can reach up to 660 liters per minute / minute or 40 000 liters per hour. The gaps or cracks that emit this one quite a lot of water. There is a gap (fracture) which extends towards the Black Stone with a length of 75 cm height 30 cm premises, as well as some small gaps towards Shaffa and Marwa.
Geometric description of other, well below the gap where Thawaf 1:56 m, a total depth of 30 m from the edge of the well, water from the edge of the well depth = 4 m, 13 m depth of the spring, from spring until the bottom of a well 17 m, and diameter of the wells ranged from 1:46 up to 2.66 meters.
Rainwater as a source of blessing
City of Makkah is located in the valley, according to SGS (Saudi Geological Survey) which supplies a broad basin catchment area is an area of 60 km2 only, of course, not too wide as a receiver basin rain. Source of the Well of Zam-zam water primarily from rain that fell in the area around Makkah.
These wells are wells used to hydrology is so great need of care. This includes maintaining the well-care hygienic quality of water and environmental wells and maintain water supply to be able to meet the needs of the pilgrims in Makkah. Land clearing for settlement around Makkah is very cleanly laid out to avoid a reduction in the capacity of these wells.
Location of the well of Zamzam
The image above shows the location of the well of Zamzam is located in the middle of the valley that extends. Haram Mosque in the center among the hills, the hills around it. Catchment area of only 60 sq km is certainly small enough to catch the rain water is very scarce in Makkah, so it requires supervision and maintenance of highly specialized.
The well of Zamzam was, once again in view of (scientific) hydrogeology, just like ordinary dug wells. Not too special compared to other wells dug. However, because these wells religious significance, then it needs to be maintained. Many are excited about this water because the well is believed to bring fortune. Some claimed the well can also be dry if not guarded. Even if we know the story well is found again by Abdul Muttalib (grandfather of Prophet Muhammad SAW) after missing buried 4000 years (?).
Formerly on the well is there a building with an area of 8.3 mx 10.7 m = 88.8 m2. Between the years 1381-1388 was abolished H building to expand the Tawaf. So the place to drink Zamzam water moved into the basement. Under this land provided a place to drink zam-zam water with some 350 taps (220 taps for men and 130 faucets for women), female-male entered the room were separated.
Monitoring and maintenance of the well of Zamzam
Currently building above the well of Zam-Zam seen the picture above it is not there anymore, even the entrance to the basement even this has been closed. So the space to conduct worship Thawaf become more widespread. But if you're observant fitting Thawaf we can still see no sign of where the well is located. The well is located approximately 20 meters east of Kaaba.
Monitoring and maintenance of the well of Zamzam
The number of pilgrims to Mecca thirty years ago only 400 000 per year (1970 work-an), continued to increase to more than a million pilgrims annually in the 1990s, and currently has more than 2.2 million. Surely these wells required maintenance which is one of the wonders and the main attraction for pilgrims.
The Saudi government certainly can not be silent resigned to just let this well preserved by God through the natural process. But the government of Saudi Arabia, which has now been scientifically modern and scientifically establish a special agency to deal with this well of Zamzam. Looks like Saudi Arabia is also not simply believe it to surrender to God as a guard, but it is believed that human beings must maintain the blessings of this well.
Research Agency under the well of Zamzam SGS
(Saudi Geological Survey) duty to:
- Monitor and maintain to keep from these wells dry.
- Keeping the surrounding urban Wadi Ibrahim because it affects water filling.
- Regulate the flow of water from the catchment area (recharge area).
- Maintaining groundwater movement and also maintain the quality through building control.
- Upgrading pumps and tanks and fences.
- Optimize the distribution of supplies and airZam-zam
- The development of care well of Zamzam.
- Long ago, Zamzam was taken with a scoop or bucket, but then the water pump was built in 1373 H/1953 M. These pumps deliver water from the wells to water reservoirs, and including also the tap-tap around the Zamzam well.
Pumping test (pumping test) have been conducted on these wells, the pumping of 8000 liters / sec for more than 24 hours showed the well water level from 3.23 meters below the surface to 12.72 meters and then until 13:39 meters. After it stopped pumping water level is back to 3.9 meters below the surface of the wells in 11 minut after the pump is stopped. So easily believed that the aquifer that supplies water comes from several cracks (fissures) in the hills around Makkah.
Many things have been done the Saudi government to maintain these wells, among others, by forming a special agency in the year 1415 AH (1994). and currently has built a channel to channel to the Zam-zam water storage tanks with a capacity of 15,000 m3, continued with another tank at the top of the Grand Mosque in order to serve the pedestrians and travelers. Additionally Zam-zam water also transported to other places to use them to tank truck Nabawi Mosque in Madina Al-Munawarrah.
Currently the well is equipped with an electric pump that is embedded below (electric submersible pump). We can only see the pictures just as above. To the right is hidrograf drums, recording equipment recording the well of Zamzam water level (hydrograph Old style drum used for recording levels in the Zamzam Well).
Mineral Content
The first, positive ions such as sodium (250 mg per liter), calcium (200 mg per liter), potassium (20 mg per liter), and magnesium (50 mg per liter).
Second, negative ions such as sulfur (372 mg per liter), bicarbonates (366 mg per liter), nitrate (273 mg per liter), phosphate (0.25 mg per liter) and ammonia (6 mg per liter).
Zam zam water Molecules
The contents of chemical elements is what makes the taste of the water of Zamzam is very distinctive and can be trusted to provide special properties. Water that has been prepared foods that are scattered around the Grand Mosque and the Prophet's Mosque in Madinah is the water that has been processed so it is safe and refreshing drink, there are already cooled and there is a cool (warm). But supposedly this higienisasi process does not use chemical processes to avoid changes in taste and content of this water.
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